The syllabus for Class 10 under the CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) covers a wide range of subjects, and it is designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of core subjects. Here’s an outline of the syllabus for Class 10 CBSE, which includes core subjects like Mathematics, Science, Social Science, English, and optional subjects:
1. Mathematics (Standard / Basic)
Topics Covered:
- Real Numbers
- Euclid’s division lemma, Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, LCM and HCF
- Polynomials
- Zeroes of a polynomial, factorization of polynomials
- Linear Equations in Two Variables
- Solutions of linear equations
- Quadratic Equations
- Solution of quadratic equations by factorization and the quadratic formula
- Arithmetic Progressions
- Arithmetic mean and finding terms of an arithmetic progression
- Triangles
- Properties of triangles, similarity, criteria for similarity
- Coordinate Geometry
- Distance formula, section formula, area of a triangle
- Introduction to Trigonometry
- Trigonometric ratios, identities
- Some Applications of Trigonometry
- Heights and distances, angle of elevation and depression
- Statistics
- Mean, median, mode, cumulative frequency
- Probability
- Basic probability concepts and theorems
2. Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)
Physics
- Light – Reflection and Refraction
- Laws of reflection and refraction, lenses, mirror formula
- Human Eye and Colourful World
- Structure of the eye, defects of vision, dispersion of light
- Electricity
- Electric current, Ohm’s Law, resistance, factors affecting resistance
- Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
- Magnetic field due to current, electromagnetic induction
- Sources of Energy
- Renewable and non-renewable sources, alternative sources of energy
Chemistry
- Chemical Reactions and Equations
- Types of reactions, balancing chemical equations
- Acids, Bases, and Salts
- Properties, reactions, pH scale
- Metals and Non-Metals
- Physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals
- Carbon and its Compounds
- Covalent bonding, alcohols, acids, and their uses
- Periodic Classification of Elements
- Mendeleev’s Periodic Table, trends in properties of elements
Biology
- Life Processes
- Nutrition, respiration, transportation, excretion in plants and animals
- Control and Coordination
- Nervous and hormonal systems in humans
- How do Organisms Reproduce?
- Asexual and sexual reproduction
- Heredity and Evolution
- Inheritance, Mendel’s laws, evolution theory
- Our Environment
- Ecosystem, environmental conservation, biodiversity
- Management of Natural Resources
- Sustainable development, water, forests, and energy conservation
3. Social Science (History, Geography, Political Science, Economics)
History
- The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
- Nationalism and unification of Italy and Germany
- Nationalism in India
- Freedom struggle, Mahatma Gandhi’s role, Quit India Movement
- The Making of a Global World
- Globalization, colonialism, and its effects
- The Age of Industrialization
- Early factories, industrial revolution, changes in society
- Print Culture and the Modern World
- Print media, its role in spreading ideas
Geography
- Resources and Development
- Types of resources, sustainable development, resource planning
- Water Resources
- Water conservation, management, water bodies
- Agriculture
- Types of farming, cropping patterns, green revolution
- Minerals and Energy Resources
- Classification of minerals, conservation of energy resources
- Manufacturing Industries
- Industrial regions in India, importance of industries
- Life in the Temperate Grasslands
- Climate, vegetation, and people of the temperate regions
Political Science
- Power Sharing
- Concepts of democracy, distribution of power between different levels of government
- Federalism
- Understanding federalism, central-state relations
- Democracy and Diversity
- Diverse societies, political diversity
- Gender, Religion, and Caste
- Impact of gender, religion, and caste on democracy
- Popular Struggles and Movements
- Democracy and struggles in various countries
- Political Parties
- Role, formation, and functions of political parties
- Outcomes of Democracy
- Economic, social, and political outcomes of democratic governments
Economics
- Development
- Concept of development, indicators, and comparison of nations
- Sectors of the Indian Economy
- Primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors
- Money and Credit
- Types of credit, financial institutions
- Globalization and the Indian Economy
- Impact of globalization, trade, and Indian economy
- Consumer Rights
- Consumer awareness, protection of consumer rights
4. English (Language and Literature)
English Language and Literature
- Reading Section
- Comprehension passages, note-making, summarizing
- Writing Skills
- Formal letters, applications, reports, and advertisements
- Grammar
- Tenses, modals, subject-verb agreement, passive voice, direct and indirect speech
- Literature
- Prose: Short stories, plays, and excerpts from famous works (e.g., The Diary of Anne Frank, A Triumph of Surgery)
- Poetry: Poems by famous poets (e.g., Dust of Snow, A Tiger in the Zoo)
- Supplementary Reader: Short stories and poems (e.g., The Making of a Scientist)
5. Hindi (Course A or Course B)
Hindi Language and Literature
- Writing Section
- Essay writing, letter writing, comprehension, and dialogue writing
- Grammar
- Sentence formation, tenses, corrections, and vocabulary
- Literature
- Prose and poetry sections from prescribed textbooks (e.g., Kshitij, Sparsh for Course A or Vasant, Durva for Course B)
6. Optional Subjects (Choose One)
- Computer Science
- Physical Education
- Sanskrit
- Art and Craft
- Home Science
- Music
- Business Studies
- Entrepreneurship
- Hindi (If not chosen as the main language)
General Guidelines:
- Examinations: CBSE exams typically consist of two terms, with term-wise assessments, internal assessments, and project work in certain subjects.
- Internal Assessment: For subjects like Mathematics and Science, internal assessments might include periodic tests, practical work, and assignments.
Each subject’s detailed syllabus may slightly vary each year, so it’s always recommended to consult the official CBSE website or your school’s curriculum guide for the most up-to-date syllabus.